Normalizing is a heat treatment process applied to ferrous metals to refine the grain structure and improve mechanical properties such as strength and toughness. The metal is heated to a temperature above its critical point and then allowed to cool in air. This process helps to relieve internal stresses, improve machinability, and prepare the metal for further heat treatment or fabrication. It is commonly used after welding, casting, or forging to achieve uniform microstructure and enhanced performance.
